Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Disinfection of medical devices with a steam machine that operates at atmospheric pressure and is suitable for home usage

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11509-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of different bacterial strains upon disinfection with steam. The different plots present the colony-forming units (CFUs) of various bacterial strains before and after steam treatment for 10, 30–60 s and subsequent plating on LB agar: ( a ). S. aureus ATCC15981 (MSSA); ( b ). S. aureus E75 (MSSA); ( c ). S. aureus E166 (MSSA); ( d ). S. aureus E276 (MSSA); ( e ). S. aureus USA300 (MRSA); ( f ). S. aureus HG001 (MSSA); ( g ). S. epidermidis ATCC35984; h. E. coli ATCC25922; i. P. aeruginosa ATCC27853; j. K. oxytoca ; k. K. pneumoniae ATCC15883; and l. A. baumannii ATCC19606. The residual CFU counts are indicated as a percentage of the CFU counts of the inoculum on top of each bar. All experiments were performed in triplicate ( n = 3). Standard deviations in the CFU counts are indicated by error bars. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: P. aeruginosa ATCC , 2.8 ± 0.58*10 8 , 13.3 ± 2.7*10 3 , 0 , 0.

Techniques: Serial Time-encoded Amplified Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Disinfection of medical devices with a steam machine that operates at atmospheric pressure and is suitable for home usage

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11509-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disinfection of nebulizer parts with steam. The different parts of a PARI LC SPRINT Nebulizer handset were contaminated with: ( a ) S. aureus ATCC15981; ( b ) S. aureus E75; (c) S. aureus E166; ( d ) S. aureus E276; ( e ) S. aureus USA300; ( f ) S. aureus HG001; ( g ) S. epidermidis ATCC35984; ( h ) E. coli ATCC25922; ( i ) P. aeruginosa ATCC27853; ( j ) K. oxytoca ; ( k ) K. pneumoniae ATCC15883; ( l ) A. baumanni ATCC19606. Prior and after 60 s steam exposure, the contaminated mouth piece was replica-plated on LB agar. Bacteria contaminating the connection tube and nozzle were collected by swabbing and subsequently plated on LB agar. Of note, the different bacterial loads on the contaminated nebulizer parts were not quantified. Upper left plate of each panel, replica-plated contaminated mouthpiece; lower left plate, replica-plated contaminated mouthpiece after disinfection with steam; upper right part plate, bacteria contaminating the connection tube and nozzle; lower right plate, bacteria contaminating the connection tube and nozzle after steam disinfection. Three independent replicate experiments were performed ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: P. aeruginosa ATCC , 2.8 ± 0.58*10 8 , 13.3 ± 2.7*10 3 , 0 , 0.

Techniques: Serial Time-encoded Amplified Microscopy, Bacteria

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Disinfection of medical devices with a steam machine that operates at atmospheric pressure and is suitable for home usage

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11509-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of steam exposure on bacterial biofilms. Biofilms of different bacterial species were allowed to form in 96-well micro liter plates during 24 h of growth. Subsequently, the biofilms were exposed to steam for 1, 5–10 min. The biofilms and a non-sterilized control plate were then stained with crystal violet ( a ). In addition, the crystal violet retained by the biofilms was dissolved in ethanol and the released crystal violet was quantified spectrophotometrically ( b ). The bacterial strains used were S. aureus ATCC15981, S. aureus E75, S. aureus E166, S. aureus E276, S. aureus USA300, S. aureus HG001, S. epidermidis ATCC35984, E. coli ATCC25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, K. oxytoca , K. pneumoniae ATCC15883 and A. baumannii ATCC19606. Experiments were performed in triplicate ( n = 3). Standard deviations in the CFU counts are indicated by error bars. *, P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: P. aeruginosa ATCC , 2.8 ± 0.58*10 8 , 13.3 ± 2.7*10 3 , 0 , 0.

Techniques: Serial Time-encoded Amplified Microscopy, Control, Staining